No documented drug–drug interactions for this medicine.
No documented food or drink interactions.
Clomiphene is contraindicated in liver disease — hepatic metabolism is reduced and the risk of hepatotoxicity increases.
Exclude liver disease before starting; if signs of hepatotoxicity appear (jaundice, right upper quadrant pain), discontinue.
Prontuário Terapêutico INFARMED, 8.7 Anti-hormones — Clomiphene: "contraindicated in liver disease".
Clomiphene must not be used in pregnancy — pregnancy must be excluded before starting treatment.
Exclude pregnancy before starting; stop immediately if conception occurs during the cycle.
Prontuário Terapêutico INFARMED, 8.7 — Clomiphene: "exclude the possibility of pregnancy... not to be used in pregnancy".
Contraindicated in pregnancy — it is an ovulation-inducing anti-oestrogen with no indication in an established pregnancy. Annex 1 records "not recommended during pregnancy; avoid unless the potential benefit outweighs the risks; the possibility of adverse effects on embryofetal development, based on animal studies, cannot be excluded" (factor D). Human studies (inadvertent exposure) have not shown a clear increase in malformations.
Contraindicated; confirm absence of pregnancy (β-hCG) before each treatment cycle; discontinue on confirming pregnancy.
May inhibit lactation (Prontuário, Annex 2, l. 42359) — avoid while breastfeeding.
Confirm absence of pregnancy before each cycle; contraception if ovulation is induced without conception intent.
Prontuário Terapêutico INFARMED — Annex 1: "Clomifene" (l. 39741-43, factor D); Annex 2: "May inhibit lactation" (l. 42359). EMC-UK (MHRA) — Clomifene SmPC (Clomid): https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4479/smpc (section 4.6).
Clinical and educational support tool. The information does not replace a medical prescription or the opinion of a qualified healthcare professional.
Ovulation induction with FSH/LH elevation; LH peak ~ 7–12 days after the last of 5 days of dosing.
SERM: hypothalamic oestrogen antagonist (↑ GnRH → FSH/LH) and peripheral anti-oestrogen (↓ cervical mucus, ↓ endometrial thickening in prolonged cycles).
Oral: good absorption; peak in ~ 6 h; tissue accumulation (long metabolite half-life).
Extensive hepatic metabolism (N-demethylation and hydroxylation) to active isomers; biliary/renal excretion.
~ 5 days (trans-citrate); metabolites up to 6 weeks.
Medicines from the same therapeutic group (ATC classification) or the same pharmacological class.
